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Ozone Hole 2003
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/sbuv2to/ozone_hole_plot.png
http://bascoe.oma.be/index.html
Ozone values over Antarctica have declined from the
late spring peak and there are lower values over the centre of the continent
than over the southern ocean. Ozone values at Halley have
declined from the spring peak of 350 DU to around 240 DU. In late May a
mini ozone hole formed just off the continent and was located at 60°E on May
28. Although temperatures are low enough for PSCs to form over the
continent, this feature is largely due to dynamical effects.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
Situation at 2003
July 21 -British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin
Ozone values over
Antarctica are already below 200 DU, with an ozone hole affecting most of the
continent. Temperatures in the ozone layer are low enough for PSCs to have
formed over the continent.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Situation at 2003
August 5 -British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin
Ozone values over
Antarctica are already below 200 DU, with an ozone hole affecting most of the
continent. Temperatures in the ozone layer are low enough for Polar
Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) to have formed over the continent.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
21August03-Large
ozone hole over Antarctica likely Scientists are predicting a large ozone hole
over much of Antarctica this spring.-
8/21/2003-Large
ozone hole over Antarctica likely
The ozone has grown rapidly and
now covers some 23 million square kilometres, larger than it has ever been at
this time in August. Very low ozone levels have been recorded over the
Antarctic Peninsula. Temperatures in the ozone layer are low enough that
Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) have formed widely over the continent.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Situation at 2003
September 1-British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin-The
ozone has grown rapidly and now covers some 26 million square kilometres, larger
than it has ever been at this time in early September. Very low ozone
levels have been recorded over the Antarctic Peninsula. Temperatures in
the ozone layer are low enough that Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) have
formed widely over the continent.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Ozone
Hole Reaches South America
7September03-The Ozone hole has
reached land and
population areas in Argentina, Chile and The Falkland Islands.
September
7,2003
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
The protective level of ozone has
dropped below 200 dobson units in some areas.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Ozone
levels are down as much as 50% in some areas.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Central
Intelligence Agency Maps from University
of Texas Map Center
The area and population affected
including the Argentinean
city of Ushaia which has a population of 30,000 and Punta Arenas, Chile which
has a population of 120,000 are all at risk during this time period.
The
public should avoid going outside during the peak hours of 11:00 a.m. and 3:00
p.m. to avoid exposure to the UV rays. If people do go outside during these
hours they should wear protective sunscreen and if possible a hat or head
covering and sunglasses with a uv rating.
The
Ozone hole has reached land and population areas in Argentina, Chile and The
Falkland Islands since the early 1990's. Ozone levels drop down as much as 70%
in some areas. The protective level of ozone has dropped below 150 dobson units
in some areas.
It has reached further north at times affecting the towns of Rio Gallegos,
Puerto Santa Cruz, and Rio Grande affecting an additional 200,000 people.
Situation at 2003
September 9-British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin-The ozone has grown rapidly and now covers some 28
million square kilometres, larger than it has ever been at this time in early
September. Very low ozone levels have been recorded over the Antarctic
Peninsula. Temperatures in the ozone layer are low enough that Polar
Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), the key precursors to significant ozone depletion,
have formed widely over the continent.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Situation at 2003
September 12-British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin-The ozone has grown rapidly and now covers some 27
million square kilometres, larger than it has ever been at this time in early
September. Very low ozone levels have been recorded over the Antarctic
Peninsula. The edge of the ozone hole touched the tip of South America on
September 6 - 7. Temperatures in the ozone layer are low enough that Polar
Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), the key precursors to significant ozone depletion,
have formed widely over the continent and ozone levels are dropping quickly.
The
British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Press release-Published:
12 Sep 2003 BA Festival of Science - The Ozone Hole 14.00 – 17.00. Lecture
Theatre B03, Peel Building, University of Salford Embargo – 09.30 hrs
12
September 2003 11 Sept 2003 PR No.9/2003 http://www.antarctica.ac.uk
Satellite
observations (NOAA) suggest that this year's ozone hole is so far one of the
biggest on record. The annual ‘hole’ has grown rapidly during August and now
covers some 27 million square kilometres, larger than it has ever been at this
time in early September. At the British Antarctic Survey’s Halley Research
Station ground-based ozone observations have commenced with the return of
sunlight. These initial values are around 40% down on those measured before the
ozone ‘hole’ and are comparable to those over the last decade. Speaking at
the British Association Annual Science Festival, Dr Alan Rodger of BAS said, “We
think we are turning the corner but we predict that it will be a decade or more
before we can say unambiguously that the ozone hole is recovering - assuming
that the decline in ozone depleting chemicals continues. Last year's smaller
ozone hole should be regarded as exceptional and was clearly a one off event in
the record so far.”
Recent
measurements at ground-based monitoring stations around the world show that the
loading of ozone destroying chemicals at the surface has been dropping since
about 1994 and is now about 6% down on that peak. The stratosphere, on the other
hand, lags behind the surface by several years and the loading of ozone
depleting chemicals in the ozone layer is at or near its peak. Satellite
measurements show that although the rate of decline in ozone amount in the upper
stratosphere is slowing, the total ozone amount is still declining.
Situation at 2003
September 16-British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin- The ozone has grown rapidly and is now near its maximum
size at around 26 million square kilometres (roughly twice the size of
Antarctica). It was larger than previously for the time of year in August and
early September, but is a little smaller than the all time record. Very low
ozone levels have been recorded over the Antarctic Peninsula. The edge of the
ozone hole touched the tip of South America on September 6 - 7. Temperatures in
the ozone layer are low enough that Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), the key
precursors to significant ozone depletion, have formed widely over the continent
and ozone levels are dropping quickly. The ozone hole is usually largest in
early September and deepest in late September to early October. September 16 is
world ozone day.
International
Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer September 16- On
19 December 1994, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 16 September
the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, commemorating the
date, in 1987, on which the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer was signed (resolution 49/114). States are invited to devote the Day
each year to promote, at the national level, activities in accordance with the
objectives of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments. The following present
and past materials and information can be used by governments, industry and
individuals to help celebrate Ozone Day.
http://www.unep.org/ozone/ozone_day2003/index.shtml
Situation at 2003
September 22-British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin- The ozone hole has grown rapidly and peaked in size at
around 28 million square kilometres (roughly twice the size of Antarctica) in
mid September. It was larger than previously for the time of year in August and
early September, but the maximum size only equalled the all time record. Very
low ozone levels have been recorded over the Antarctic Peninsula. The edge of
the ozone hole touched the tip of South America on September 6 - 7. Temperatures
in the ozone layer are low enough that Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), the
key precursors to significant ozone depletion, have formed widely over the
continent and ozone levels are dropping quickly. The ozone hole is usually
largest in early September and deepest in late September to early October.
9/22/2003-Media
release: 22 September 2003 |
Antarctic ozone hole – near record levels | Measurements by National Institute
of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA) staff at Scott Base, Antarctica-
Antarctic
ozone hole - near record levels
Situation
at 2003 September 25-British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin- Temperatures in the ozone layer are low enough
that Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), the key precursors to significant ozone
depletion, have formed widely over the continent. Ozone levels dropped quickly
during August and September with the return of sunlight and depletion exceeds
55% in places. The ozone hole grew rapidly and peaked in size at around 28
million square kilometres (roughly twice the size of Antarctica) in mid
September. It was larger than previously for the time of year in August and
early September, but the maximum size only equalled the all time record. Ozone
sonde flights from Rothera show substantial depletion between 12 and 23
kilometres, with effectively 100% depletion at times at some altitudes.
25September3-2003
Ozone 'Hole' Approaches, But Falls Short of Record
This
year's Antarctic ozone hole is the second largest ever observed, according to
scientists from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Full Story
Click here
29September03-The Ozone hole has
again reached land and
population areas in Argentina, Chile and The Falkland Islands.
Central
Intelligence Agency Maps from University
of Texas Map Center
The protective level of ozone has
dropped below 200 dobson units in some areas.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map 9/29/03
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
The area and population affected
are the Argentinean
city of Ushaia which has a population of 30,000 and Punta Arenas, Chile which
has a population of 120,000 and the towns of Rio Gallegos,
Puerto Santa Cruz, and Rio Grande affecting an additional 200,000 people .
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map 9/30/03
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
The
public should avoid going outside during the peak hours of 11:00 a.m. and 3:00
p.m. to avoid exposure to the UV rays. If people do go outside during these
hours they should wear protective sunscreen and if possible a hat or head
covering and sunglasses with a uv rating.
The
Ozone hole has reached land and population areas in Argentina, Chile and The
Falkland Islands since the early 1990's. Ozone levels drop down as much as 70%
in some areas. The protective level of ozone has dropped below 150 dobson units
in some areas.
Situation
at 2003 October 1
British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin-
Temperatures
in the ozone layer remain low enough that Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), the
key precursors to significant ozone depletion, exist widely over the continent.
Ozone levels dropped quickly during August and September with the return of
sunlight and depletion now exceeds 60% in places with small areas registering
below 100 DU. The ozone hole grew rapidly and peaked in size at around 28
million square kilometres (roughly twice the size of Antarctica) in mid
September. It was larger than previously for the time of year in August and
early September, but the maximum size only equalled the all time record. Ozone
sonde flights from Rothera show substantial depletion between 12 and 24
kilometres, with 100% depletion at times at some altitudes. The edge of the
ozone hole touched the tip of South America and the Falkland Islands over
September 27 - 30.
08October03-The Ozone hole has
again reached land and
population areas in Argentina, Chile and The Falkland Islands.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map 10/04/03
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
The protective level of ozone has
dropped below 200 dobson units in some areas.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map 10/05/03
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map 10/06/03
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map 10/07/03
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
The
public should avoid going outside during the peak hours of 11:00 a.m. and 3:00
p.m. to avoid exposure to the UV rays. If people do go outside during these
hours they should wear protective sunscreen and if possible a hat or head
covering and sunglasses with a uv rating.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map 10/08/03
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Situation
at 2003 October 8 British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin-
Temperatures in the ozone layer remain low enough that Polar Stratospheric
Clouds (PSCs), the key precursors to significant ozone depletion, still exist
widely over the continent. The centre of the ozone hole is significantly offset
from the pole and is currently over Halley station. The tip of South America and
the Falkland Islands suffered significant ozone depletion over October 4 - 8
WMO
Antarctic Ozone Bulletin Issued on 16 October 2003
The
polar vortex has decreased in area by about 10%from the maximum size it reached
in September,and is now about 31 million square kilometres (M km 2 ).The vortex
is nearly circular and centred over the pole at the lower altitudes,although
more elongated and skewed toward the Atlantic Ocean at altitudes of 20 km and
above.Typical daily minimum stratospheric temperatures over Antarctica have
continued to increase in the past two weeks,but are still sufficiently cold to
produce polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs)over about 10 M km 2 of the lower
vortex.This represents a significant warming from the 25 M km 2 PSC area
reported for late September which will ultimately result in a decrease in ozone
loss during the coming weeks.
As
is usual,the area of the ozone hole decreased during the first two weeks of
October,including a sharp decrease to less than18 M km 2 that occurred during
the second week.This area is much smaller than the near record size of 28 M km 2
observed during late September.The city of Ushuaia,Argentina, located on the
southern tip of South America,has been under the ozone hole on four occasions
this year. On 6 October, column ozone decreased to nearly 60%below norms
resulting in very high UV levels,with a maximum measured UV Index of more than
9.While typical maximum UV Index values for this time of the year in Ushuaia are
between 3 and 5,on one occasion in October 2000,an Index of 11 was observed when
the ozone hole was also overhead and there were cloud free conditions.
Situation
at 2003 October 23
British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin-
Temperatures in the ozone layer still remain low enough for Polar Stratospheric
Clouds (PSCs), the key precursors to significant ozone depletion, to exist in
some places over the continent. Temperatures are however rising quickly. The
centre of the ozone hole is significantly offset from the pole and is currently
over Halley station and extended into the Atlantic Ocean.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map 10/26/03
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Situation
at 2003 October 31 British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin-Temperatures
in the ozone layer are generally now near the limit for Polar Stratospheric
Clouds (PSCs), the key precursors to significant ozone depletion, to exist over
the continent. Temperatures are rising quickly. The centre of the ozone hole is
significantly offset from the pole and is currently over East Antarctica. The
tip of South America and the Falkland Islands suffered significant ozone
depletion over October 4 - 9.
Situation
at 2003 November 6 British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin-
Temperatures
in the ozone layer are rising quickly and are generally above the limit for
Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), the key precursors to significant ozone
depletion, to exist over the continent. The ozone hole is filling in and now
covers less than 10 million square kilometres. The centre of the ozone hole is
significantly offset from the pole and is currently over East Antarctica.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
Situation
at 2003 November13 British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin-
Temperatures
in the ozone layer have risen quickly and are above the limit for Polar
Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), the key precursors to significant ozone depletion,
to exist over the continent. The ozone hole is filling in and now covers less
than 5 million square kilometres. Forecasts suggest that it will completely fill
in over the next week.
Environment
Canada Southern
Hemisphere Ozone Map
http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/cgi-bin/selectMap?lang=e
WMO
Antarctic Ozone Bulletin Issued on 20 November 2003-The
ozone hole continued its October decrease from its maximum size of 28 M km 2
reached in late September,and finally disappeared during the past few days.The
ozone hole size and persistence have developed similarly to the year 2000,with
an early rapid growth observed during August,a record size observed in September
and finally its disappearance in mid November.The rapid decrease in the size of
the ozone hole during October and November apparently is a result of the ozone
depleted air within the hole being gradually replaced by or diluted by ozone
rich air from outside.The ozone hole has now disappeared,however the vortex
remains intact although significantly smaller and weaker.Additionally,the ozone
mass deficit,a measure of the depth of the ozone hole,is 30-50%of its maximum
value reached in September.Column ozone has remained normal for November in the
city of Ushuaia,Argentina,located on the southern tip of South America,and has
not been under the ozone hole since early October.UV levels measured at Ushuaia
and the Antarctic stations of McMurdo,Palmer,and South Pole were all below the
long-term mean for those locations.
Situation
at 2004 February 10 British Antarctic Survey
Ozone Bulletin-The
final spring warming took place in early December and this year's ozone hole is
over. Ozone values peaked in December and are slowly declining towards the
normal autumn minimum. Ozone values are generally moderately high around
Antarctica, with lower values over the continent. They are generally close to or
a bit below the long term normal. Ozone levels dropped quickly during August and
September with the return of sunlight. Depletion exceeded 60% in places, with
some areas registering near 100 DU by the end of September. The ozone hole grew
rapidly and peaked in size at around 28 million square kilometres (roughly twice
the size of Antarctica) in mid September. It was larger than previously for the
time of year in August and early September, but the maximum size only equalled
the all time record. Ozone levels rose during October and briefly exceeded ozone
hole limits in mid November. Values dropped again giving an ozone hole area of a
few million square kilometres in late November. The final spring warming took
place in early December, however this left many parts of Antarctica down 10 -
20% on the long term normal. The tip of South America and the Falkland Islands
suffered significant ozone depletion over October 4 - 9.
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